Understanding flow within the vadose zone is often challenging due to complex processes and interactions occurring near the ground surface given vegetation and climatic conditions. This information is often required to obtain climate-controlled pore pressures on natural slopes for stability analyses, design soil covers for mine or municipal wastes, and determine net infiltration and transpiration from agricultural land. To do so, coupled water, vapor, and heat transport is required.
GeoStudio’s multi-physics solver seamlessly couples mass and heat transport processes required for these problems. Various levels of complexity may be simulated, with more complex analyses including root water uptake and snowmelt, in addition to evaporation, surface ponding and runoff. Results from a vadose zone analysis can be linked with slope stability or contaminant transport models for a comprehensive solution.
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Capillary covers are often used to restrict gas release from waste materials. Design of soil vapor barriers requires information on infiltration through the cover. The SEEP/W land-climate interaction boundary condition determines water transfers within a cover layer based on the inputted climate and vegetation data. CTRAN/W then uses the resulting water distribution to simulate gas transfer by hydrodynamic dispersion in both the free and dissolved phases.
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The SEEP/W land-climate interaction boundary condition models the water balance at the ground surface, and can be used to determine snow accumulation and melt. The water balance and corresponding net infiltration includes snow melt as an input, in these cases.
The land-climate interaction boundary condition calculates root water extraction rates in accordance with potential evapotranspiration, which is climate dependent, the condition of the vegetation, and the availability of water.
Actual evaporation rates are calculated in GeoStudio based on the relative humidity within the soil, which is controlled by temperature and matric suction. These are computed given climate conditions defined in the land-climate interaction and surface energy balance boundary conditions.
SEEP/W + SEEP3D
Finite element analysis of groundwater flow in saturated / unsaturated porous media.
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TEMP/W + TEMP3D
Finite element analysis of heat transfer and phase change in porous media.
CTRAN/W
Finite element analysis of solute and gas transport in porous media.
AIR/W
Finite element analysis of air transfer in mine waste and other porous media.